Finite Element Analysis of Natural Thawing Heat Transfer of Artificial Frozen Soil in Shield-Driven Tunnelling

<div>Effects of freezing time on the temperature-thawing time response and required thawing time for frozen soil curtain: (a) temperature-thawing time response at <i>X</i> = 3 m (monitor point 2); (b) variation of required thawing time with freezing time; (c) variation of heating rate with freezing time.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 16

Figure 16: Finite Element Analysis of Natural Thawing Heat Transfer of Artificial Frozen Soil in Shield-Driven Tunnelling 