Global Seismic Fragility Functions for Low-Rise RC Frames with Construction Deficiencies

Table 1

Observed response and damage condition of Model-1 under significant runs.

Run (%)	Roof/1^st story displacement, inch (mm)	Roof/1^st story drift (%)	Base shear kips (kN)	Damage pattern
5	4.87 (123.69)	1.75	26.51 (117.92)	(i) Ground-story column base observed with small flexural cracks.; (ii) Major cracks were observed at the first-story column base.; (iii) On the ground story, clear visible diagonal direction cracks.; (iv) On the joint panels at the first story, small cracks were also observed with a bat-like pattern.
30	7.18 (182.37)	2.57	30.91 (137.48)	(i) Existing cracks were significantly widened during this excitation.; (ii) The column base cracks were further widened at both stories as well as the flexural vertical.; (iii) Horizontal cracking at beam member ends.; (iv) Severe cracking was observed at ground-story joint panel regions with concrete detachment.
40	13.31 (338.19)	4.77	41.48 (184.50)	(i) All the existing damages were aggravated significantly.; (ii) The columns’ base was observed with severe concrete crushing and spalling with more severity at ground-story column bases.; (iii) Concrete spalling and detachment were observed at the joint panel regions of the ground.; (iv) The first-story joint panel regions were extremely damaged and with concrete spalling at the base.(v) After this excitation, the test model was near to the collapse stage.