Research Article
Displacement Characteristics of an Urban Tunnel in Silty Soil by the Shallow Tunnelling Method
Table 2
Mechanical parameters of main strata and supporting materials [
44].
| | Name | Elasticity modulus (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio | Bulk density (kN m−3) | Permeability coefficient (cm s−1) | Cohesive force (kPa) | Friction angle (°) |
| | Filling soil | 8 | 0.33 | 16.5 | 5 × 10−5 | 15.5 | 9.82 | | Clay | 12 | 0.30 | 18.7 | 1.0 × 10−5 | 14.9 | 12 | | Silty soil | 10 | 0.38 | 16.1 | 1.2 × 10−6 | 6.37 | 15 | | Weak weathered granite | 180 | 0.28 | 23 | 1.2 × 10−3 | 800 | 35 | | Composite soil | 420 | 0.30 | 24 | 1.2 × 10−6 | 160 | 36 | | Circumferential grouting | 360 | 0.30 | 24 | 1.2 × 10−6 | 300 | 30 | | Converted shotcrete | 28000 | 0.30 | 24 | 3.9 × 10−8 | — | — | | Secondary lining | 31000 | 0.30 | 24 | 1.3 × 10−9 | — | — | | Lock-feet bolts | 20000 | 0.30 | 78.5 | — | — | — | | Advanced small pipes | 20000 | 0.30 | 23 | — | — | — | | Vertical jet grouting piles | 1200 | 0.20 | 21 | — | — | — |
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