Pathways for the Improvement of Construction Productivity: A Perspective on the Adoption of Advanced Techniques

Table 3

Productivity fundamentals.

Productivity fundamentals	Relevant project stages
Focus the value of the project only on what is required	Concept and design
Maintain a lifecycle concept of both construction and operation costs
Evaluation of alternative scenarios during project planning to overcome unexpected issues
Consider site conditions to optimise design
Involve modular elements and standardisation during the design
Stakeholder involvement in the design phase
Optimisation of engineering procedures
Share risk between all stakeholders and reflect this in the contract	Contracting and procurement
Develop efficient compensation and variation request management processes
Align the profits of the contractor and the owner as an incentive for early completion
Clarify the need for costly items to the owner
Updating and adjustable planning for microplans in case of overlooked requirements and troubleshooting	Execution
Employ prefabricated components
Consider energy saving strategies
Apply waste minimising strategies