Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation on Failure Process of Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert

Table 3

Cracking load and ultimate load of BC.

Structure type	Cracking load		Ultimate load
	Load (kN)	Crack location of top slab	Load (kN)	Midspan deflection of top slab (mm)
Flat seam type	17.3	0.32L^1	26.4	12.41
Round hinged type	9.2	0.48L	22.0	19.21
Integral type	20.0	0.38L	32.0	7.21
Mortise type	14.0	0.36L	23.0	9.04

¹L is the span of the top slab, and the length is 1.18 m.