Numerical Analysis of the Anisotropy and Scale Effects on the Strength Characteristics of Defected Rockmass

Figure 4

Flat-jointed model (FJM) for simulating the intact rock (modified from Itasca [20]). (a) Schematic diagram of the FJM. (b) Strength envelope curve of the bonded and unbonded elements. and are the normal stiffness and shear stiffness, respectively; is the bonded cohesion strength; is the frictional coefficient; is the contact interface gap; is the contact gap; is the tensile strength; and and are the force and moment of the notional elements, respectively.

(a)

(b)