Research Article
Risk Mitigation and Construction Control for Effective Underwater Recovery of an EPB Shield: A Case Study of the First Metro Tunnel in Tel Aviv
Table 1
Physical and mechanical parameters of strata in the tunnel area.
| | Soil name | Soil thickness h (m) | Natural gravity γ(kN/m3) | Cohesion c (kPa) | Internal friction angle φ (°) | Permeability coefficient k (m/s) |
| | Plain fill | 1 | 18.4 | 8 | 10 | 6 × 10−6–5 × 10−5 | | Fine sand (SP) | 1 | 19 | 0 | 35 | 5 × 10−6–5 × 10−5 | | Clayey sand (SC) | 2.5 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 5 × 10−6–5 × 10−5 | | Clayey sand (SC/CL) | 2.9 | 19 | 20 | 30 | 5 × 10−6–5 × 10−4 | | Fine sand (SC/SP) | 1.6 | 20 | 10 | 30 | 5 × 10−6–5 × 10−4 | | Fine sand (SP) | 1.2 | 19 | 0 | 35 | 5 × 10−6–5 × 10−4 | | Kurkar (K-1) | 14.2 | 19 | 28 | 30 | 5 × 10−6–5 × 10−4 |
|
|
