Prediction of the Required Supporting Pressure for a Shallow Tunnel in Layered Rock Strata Based on 2D and 3D Upper Bound Limit Analysis

<div>Typical collapse accidents of China metro tunnels in 2018. (a) Foshan Metro Line 2 in Guangdong; (b) Tsingtao Metro Line 2.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

Figure 1: Prediction of the Required Supporting Pressure for a Shallow Tunnel in Layered Rock Strata Based on 2D and 3D Upper Bound Limit Analysis 