Prediction of the Required Supporting Pressure for a Shallow Tunnel in Layered Rock Strata Based on 2D and 3D Upper Bound Limit Analysis

<div>2D and 3D failure mechanisms for a shallow tunnel in layered rock strata. (a) 2D failure mechanism; (b) 3D failure mechanism.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

Figure 2: Prediction of the Required Supporting Pressure for a Shallow Tunnel in Layered Rock Strata Based on 2D and 3D Upper Bound Limit Analysis 