Numerical Shear Tests on the Scale Effect of Rock Joints under CNL and CND Conditions

<div>Microparameters and force-displacement behavior of particles in PFC2D [<a href="/journals/ace/2020/6465231/#B33">33</a>], where <i>K</i><sub><i>n</i></sub> and <i>K</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> are normal stiffness and shear stiffness of particles, <svg height="15.1892pt" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.8981 14.539 15.1892" width="14.539pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><rect height="0.65243" width="14.4394" x="0" y="-11.1958"></rect><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 650H503L496 622L527 618C563 613 564 603 532 573C449 495 371 431 323 392C301 374 272 355 246 346L280 522C297 609 300 614 379 622L385 650H135L129 622C209 614 215 609 198 522L124 133C106 39 99 35 23 28L17 0H271L277 28C193 35 192 39 208 133L239 316C264 328 280 325 303 288C368 183 435 90 502 0H652L659 28C602 34 584 43 543 94C495 154 403 283 347 369L574 554C634 603 659 612 735 624L743 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.23,3.132)"><path d="M504 89L488 119C453 85 428 69 416 69C408 69 405 75 412 102L462 304C492 438 460 451 436 451S388 441 356 423C311 397 229 336 170 256H168L189 340C208 418 200 451 177 451C144 451 82 413 24 352L40 322C65 345 98 369 108 369C114 369 119 363 112 335L28 -3L36 -12C54 -3 83 4 112 10C125 73 138 122 153 174C205 258 328 382 376 382C395 382 399 369 384 305L330 93C312 25 323 -12 351 -12C378 -12 439 21 504 89Z"></path></g></svg> and <svg height="15.1892pt" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.8981 13.3425 15.1892" width="13.3425pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><rect height="0.65243" width="13.2428" x="0" y="-11.1958"></rect><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 650H503L496 622L527 618C563 613 564 603 532 573C449 495 371 431 323 392C301 374 272 355 246 346L280 522C297 609 300 614 379 622L385 650H135L129 622C209 614 215 609 198 522L124 133C106 39 99 35 23 28L17 0H271L277 28C193 35 192 39 208 133L239 316C264 328 280 325 303 288C368 183 435 90 502 0H652L659 28C602 34 584 43 543 94C495 154 403 283 347 369L574 554C634 603 659 612 735 624L743 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.23,3.132)"><path d="M357 391C357 416 325 451 270 451C241 451 179 431 146 400C109 365 97 334 97 307C97 248 143 213 196 180C250 146 261 123 261 101C261 75 237 40 190 40C153 40 110 72 86 109C81 116 68 119 55 112C37 102 24 87 24 66C24 30 85 -12 137 -12C229 -12 331 62 331 140C331 189 304 218 236 260C197 284 164 309 164 346C164 381 194 400 220 400C259 400 282 380 304 350C310 342 321 339 330 344C347 353 357 372 357 391Z"></path></g></svg> are normal stiffness and shear stiffness of parallel bond, <i>F</i><sub><i>n</i></sub> and <i>F</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> are normal contact force and shear contact force between two particles, respectively; <i>R</i><sub>bond</sub> is radius of parallel bond.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

fig6

Figure 6

Figure 6: Numerical Shear Tests on the Scale Effect of Rock Joints under CNL and CND Conditions 