Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modelling of Excavation Damaged Zone Formation Process Induced by Blasts in a Deep Tunnel

<div>Evaluation of minor principal stress and the fracture initiation and propagation for the BTS test: (a) evolution of minor principal stress; (b) fracture initiation and propagation.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 11

Figure 11: Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modelling of Excavation Damaged Zone Formation Process Induced by Blasts in a Deep Tunnel 