Research Article
Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modelling of Excavation Damaged Zone Formation Process Induced by Blasts in a Deep Tunnel
Figure 18
Minor principal stress propagation during smooth blasting in the top heading of the deep tunnel: (a) t = 0.10 ms; (b) t = 0.40 ms; (c) t = from 1.30 ms to 1.50 ms; (d) t = 1.55 ms; (e) t = 1.60 ms; (f) t = 1.65 ms; (g) t = 1.70 ms; (h) t = 1.75 ms; (i) t = 3.00 ms.
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