Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modelling of Excavation Damaged Zone Formation Process Induced by Blasts in a Deep Tunnel

Figure 23

Minor principal stress propagation during smooth blasting in the bench of the deep tunnel: (a) t = 0.10 ms; (b) t = 1.40 ms; (c) t = from 1.85 ms to 2.05 ms; (d) t = 2.15 ms; (e) t = 2.20 ms; (f) t = 2.25 ms; (g) t = 2.30 ms; (h) t = 2.50 ms; (i) t = 3.00 ms.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)