Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modelling of Excavation Damaged Zone Formation Process Induced by Blasts in a Deep Tunnel

<div>Effect of spacing between boreholes for EDZ induced by blasts: (a) with the spacing of 0.4 m between boreholes; (b) with the spacing of 0.8 m between boreholes.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

fig28

Figure 28

Figure 28: Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modelling of Excavation Damaged Zone Formation Process Induced by Blasts in a Deep Tunnel 