Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modelling of Excavation Damaged Zone Formation Process Induced by Blasts in a Deep Tunnel

<div>Relationship between the bonding stress and opening/sliding displacement under tension and shear condition: (a) under tension conditions; (b) under shear and sliding conditions.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modelling of Excavation Damaged Zone Formation Process Induced by Blasts in a Deep Tunnel 