Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modelling of Excavation Damaged Zone Formation Process Induced by Blasts in a Deep Tunnel

Table 1

Rock parameters obtained from laboratory tests.

Properties	Symbols	Values	Units
Young’s modulus		59.06
Poisson’s ratio		0.23
Density		2595
Tensile strength		10.86
Compressive strength		103
Internal friction coefficient		30	(degrees)
Surface friction coefficient		0.1