A Closed-Form Solution for the Analysis of Antifreeze Disease Fortification Length in a Permafrost Tunnel

<div>Temperature variation curve in the longitudinal direction under different velocities: (a) the average temperature function, <i>H</i>(<i>z</i>), in the tunnel; (b) the temperature amplitude function, <i>K</i>(<i>z</i>), in the tunnel.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 7

Figure 7: A Closed-Form Solution for the Analysis of Antifreeze Disease Fortification Length in a Permafrost Tunnel 