Seismic Stability of Loess Tunnel with Rainfall Seepage

Figure 10

Plastic strain nephograms of the rock surrounding the tunnel with different overburden thicknesses: (a) 30 m,  = 2.258; (b) 60 m,  = 2.261; (c) 80 m,  = 2.664

(a)

(b)

(c)