Research Article
Tunnel Back Analysis Based on Differential Evolution Using Stress and Displacement
Table 1
Material properties used in the numerical study.
| | Lining | Ground (weathered rock) |
| Elastic modulus, E | 24 GPa | 0.5 GPa | Cohesion, c | — | 0.25 MPa | Friction angle, | — | 35° | Poisson’s ratio, | 0.18 | 0.3 | Model | Elastic | Mohr-coulomb | Bulk modulus, K | E/3·(1 − 2ν) | | Shear modulus, G | E/2·(1 + ν) | |
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