Research Article
Tunnel Back Analysis Based on Differential Evolution Using Stress and Displacement
Table 4
Results of back analysis using the displacement induced by excavation.
| Case | (GPa) | (MPa) | (°) | Error rate (%): (I − B) ÷ B × 100 (%) | Average error rate (%) | Displacement (mm) | | | | |
| Reference | Input (I) | — | — | — | — | : true displacement observation. : trial displacement at convergence | 0.5 | 0.25 | 35.0 | | | | | |
| Case A-1 | Output (B) | −3.85 | −7.41 | 0.29 | 3.85 | Index | | | | | 0.52 | 0.27 | 34.9 | 1 | −414.7 | −91.7 | −376.7 | −86.1 | 2 | −359.9 | −224.3 | −326.4 | −204.8 | 3 | −303.1 | −300.7 | −275.3 | −273.5 | 4 | −226.2 | −358.8 | −206.2 | −326.1 | 5 | −94.8 | −416 | −86.1 | −378.1 |
| Case A-2 | 0.52 | 0.27 | 33.8 | −3.85 | −7.41 | 3.61 | 4.96 | 1 | −1044.8 | −232.3 | −1124.4 | −256.3 | 2 | −890.5 | −565.8 | −963.1 | −619.8 | 3 | −750.3 | −751.5 | −814.5 | −816.7 | 4 | −562.4 | −888.1 | −618.0 | −963.8 | 5 | −233.3 | −1039.8 | −255.7 | −1127.3 |
| Case A-3 | 0.47 | 0.26 | 35.2 | 6.38 | −3.85 | −0.57 | 3.60 | 1 | −6463.5 | −1355.1 | −5875.3 | −1243.4 | 2 | −5223.0 | −3362.2 | −4719.8 | −3036.0 | 3 | −4369.4 | −4383.5 | −3944.5 | −3965.5 | 4 | −3358.2 | −5233.0 | −3025.5 | −4748.9 | 5 | −1369.0 | −6482.2 | −1223.3 | −5855.2 |
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