Advances in Civil Engineering

Research Article

Tunnel Back Analysis Based on Differential Evolution Using Stress and Displacement

Table 4

Results of back analysis using the displacement induced by excavation.
Case (GPa) (MPa) (°)Error rate (%): (I − B) ÷ B × 100 (%)Average error rate (%)Displacement (mm)
ReferenceInput (I)————: true displacement observation. : trial displacement at convergence
0.50.2535.0     
Case A-1Output (B)−3.85−7.410.293.85Index
0.520.2734.91−414.7−91.7−376.7−86.1
2−359.9−224.3−326.4−204.8
3−303.1−300.7−275.3−273.5
4−226.2−358.8−206.2−326.1
5−94.8−416−86.1−378.1
Case A-20.520.2733.8−3.85−7.413.614.961−1044.8−232.3−1124.4−256.3
2−890.5−565.8−963.1−619.8
3−750.3−751.5−814.5−816.7
4−562.4−888.1−618.0−963.8
5−233.3−1039.8−255.7−1127.3
Case A-30.470.2635.26.38−3.85−0.573.601−6463.5−1355.1−5875.3−1243.4
2−5223.0−3362.2−4719.8−3036.0
3−4369.4−4383.5−3944.5−3965.5
4−3358.2−5233.0−3025.5−4748.9
5−1369.0−6482.2−1223.3−5855.2