Advances in Civil Engineering

Research Article

Tunnel Back Analysis Based on Differential Evolution Using Stress and Displacement

Table 5

Results of back analysis on a segment-lined tunnel using displacement.
Case (GPa) (MPa (°)Error rate (%): (I − B) ÷ B × 100 (%)Average error rate (%)Displacement (mm)
ReferenceInput (I)————: true displacement observation. : trial displacement at convergence
0.50.2535.0
Case B-1Output (B)16.28−46.8−4.3222.47Index
0.430.4736.61−2.6−1.5−2.8−1.7
2−2.7−2.1−2.9−2.3
3−2.4−2.4−2.7−2.7
4−2.1−2.7−2.3−3.0
5−1.5−2.6−1.7−2.8
Case B-20.350.533.242.86−50.05.4232.761−3.8−1.1−4.4−1.2
2−3.5−2.1−4.0−2.3
3−2.9−2.9−3.3−3.2
4−2.1−3.6−2.3−4.0
5−1.1−3.9−1.2−4.4
Case B-30.360.533.138.89−50.05.7431.541−3.3−2.2−3.8−2.8
2−3.3−2.7−3.9−3.3
3−3.0−3.0−3.7−3.7
4−2.7−3.2−3.3−3.9
5−2.2−3.2−2.7−3.8