Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges: Design, Life Cycle Assessment, Maintenance, and Decision-Making

Table 2

Optimization techniques used by authors.

Ref.	Author	Cross section	Method
[100]	Kaveh and Zarandi	Box girder	Colliding bodies optimization [101]
			Enhanced colliding bodies optimization [102]
			Vibrating partial systems [103]
[96]	Rempling et al.	Twin girders	Set-based parametric design [97, 98]
			Set-based design [97, 98]
[93]	Pedro et al.	Twin girders	Backtracking search algorithm [104]
			Firefly algorithm [105]
			Genetic algorithm [106]
			Imperialist competitive algorithm [107]
			Search group algorithm [108]
[99]	Kaveh et al.	Box girder	Cuckoo search [109]
			Harmony search [110]
			Particle swarm optimization [111]
[94]	Lv et al.	Plate girder	Matlab fmincon function
		Twin girders
[87]	Briseghella et al.	Box girder	Ansys optimization tool
			Topological optimization [88–92]
[9]	Musa and Diaz	Box girder	Excel solver