Key Factors Affecting the Deformation and Failure of Surrounding Rock Masses in Large-Scale Underground Powerhouses

<div>(a) Weak interlayer zone C<sub>2</sub> at the Baihetan underground powerhouse and deformation and failures it caused: (b) shear deformation measured by the clinometer at the 3<sup>#</sup> omnibus bar cave, (c) local collapse, and (d) shotcrete layer crack.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 13

Figure 13: Key Factors Affecting the Deformation and Failure of Surrounding Rock Masses in Large-Scale Underground Powerhouses 