How to Achieve Efficiency and Accuracy in Discrete Element Simulation of Asphalt Mixture: A DRF-Based Equivalent Model for Asphalt Sand Mortar

<div>Discrete element models of asphalt mixture with various DRFs. (a) DRF = 1.00. (b) DRF = 0.92. (c) DRF = 0.84. (d) DRF = 0.76.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 3

Figure 3: How to Achieve Efficiency and Accuracy in Discrete Element Simulation of Asphalt Mixture: A DRF-Based Equivalent Model for Asphalt Sand Mortar 

Figure 3 | How to Achieve Efficiency and Accuracy in Discrete Element Simulation of Asphalt Mixture: A DRF-Based Equivalent Model for Asphalt Sand Mortar 