How to Achieve Efficiency and Accuracy in Discrete Element Simulation of Asphalt Mixture: A DRF-Based Equivalent Model for Asphalt Sand Mortar

Table 4

Specimen height with different DRFs after virtual static compaction.

DRF	Compacted specimen height in DEM (mm)		Height difference between DEM and mixture designed height (%)
	AC-13	SMA-13	AC-13	SMA-13
0.80	65.2	68.7	6.9	1.9
0.82	67.5	70.2	3.6	−0.3
0.84	69.6	71.3	0.6	−1.9
0.86	71.9	72.7	−2.7	−3.9