| | Common barriers | Countries/regions |
| | Lack of training and education regarding LC | Bangladesh, Chile, United Kingdom, Pakistan, United States, South Korea, South America, China, Brazil, Singapore, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Palestine, and others | | Absence of lean awareness/thinking | Bangladesh, Chile, United Kingdom, Palestine, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Morocco, Malaysia, and others | | Lack of appropriate lean technology or tools | Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Palestine, United States, South Korea, South America, Pakistan China, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Uganda, Libya, and others | | Absence of support from senior leaders | United Kingdom, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Palestine, and Morocco | | Absence of relevant incentives | Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Palestine, Pakistan | | Insufficient funds during construction | Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Palestine Pakistan, Morocco, and others | | Inadequate professional skills of workers | Pakistan, Morocco, Uganda | | Resistance to changes in LC | Bangladesh, Palestine, United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, South America, Pakistan, China, Morocco, Malaysia, and others | | Multilayer subcontracting | Bangladesh, China, Morocco, and others | | Cooperation problems | Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Palestine, Pakistan, Uganda, Libya, and Finland | | Absence of organizational structure and culture regarding LC | Bangladesh, Chile, United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, South America, Pakistan, China, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Uganda, Libya, and others | | Lack of performance evaluation | Bangladesh, Palestine, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Libya, and others | | Lack of effective supervision and control | United Kingdom and Morocco | | Insufficient standardization | Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Uganda, and Finland | | Fierce market competition environment (e.g., no time to adopt new technology) | Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Morocco, and China | | Less personal empowerment | United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, South America, and China | | Insufficient program planning | Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Uganda, and Morocco |
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