Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of NC Linings in consideration of Voids and Lining Thinning

Figure 12

Distributions of the lining, cracking, and deformation at peak load (defects at spandrel, displacement unit: mm): void sizes of (a) 0°, (b) 60°, and (c) 180°.

(a)

(b)

(c)