A Review of the Engineering Properties of Metakaolin Based Concrete: Towards Combatting Chloride Attack in Coastal/Marine Structures

Table 1

Previous studies on the engineering properties of concrete containing varying amounts of metakaolin (MK).

Research study	MK (%)	Water-binder ratio	Properties researched	Findings
[16]	2 to 6	0.45	Mechanical	Compressive strength of the MK samples cured in a chloride laden setting is higher than the control; optimum MK content is 5%
			Durability	Porosity and chloride resistance improved as the MK content and concrete age increased
[17]	5 to 25	0.42	Fresh	Workability decreased as the MK content increased
[18]	5 to 15	—	Fresh	Workability decreased as the MK content increased
[19]	5 & 15	0.25 & 0.35	Mechanical	Compressive strength of the MK samples is superior to the control samples
			Durability	MK enhanced the permeability properties; sorptivity coefficient decreased as the ratio was reduced
[20]	5 to 15	0.35	Mechanical	Strength increased as the MK content increased; optimum compressive strength results for 15% MK
[21]	5 to 30	0.45	Mechanical	Compressive strength increased as the MK content increased; limited strength development after 28 days
[22]	5 to 20	0.25 & 0.5	Mechanical	Optimum strength results between 10 and 15%; no limited strength development after 28 days
[23]	8	—	Mechanical	Improved compressive and flexural strength observed in the concrete samples containing MK
			Durability	Concrete samples containing the coarser MK displayed reduced permeability
[24]	5 to 20	0.49	Mechanical	Compressive strength increased up until 15% MK level; optimum MK content is 5%