Experimental Study of the Influence of Excavation Surface Stability and Sand Flowability Caused by Dense Slurry–Earth Pressure Balance Shield Tunneling in Silty Sand Stratum

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Soil</td><td class="align_center"><i>ρ</i> (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td><td class="align_center"><i>c</i> (kPa)</td><td class="align_center"><i>φ</i> (°)</td><td class="align_center"><i>k</i> (cm/s)</td><td class="align_center">ω (%)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Silty sand</td><td class="align_center">1.92</td><td class="align_center">3</td><td class="align_center">32.4</td><td class="align_center">3.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td class="align_center">29</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Physical and mechanical parameters of silty sand.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

tab2

Table 2

Table 2: Experimental Study of the Influence of Excavation Surface Stability and Sand Flowability Caused by Dense Slurry–Earth Pressure Balance Shield Tunneling in Silty Sand Stratum 

Table 2 | Experimental Study of the Influence of Excavation Surface Stability and Sand Flowability Caused by Dense Slurry–Earth Pressure Balance Shield Tunneling in Silty Sand Stratum 