Application of Residual Shear Strength Predicted by Artificial Neural Network Model for Evaluating Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading

Table 2

Case histories of lateral spreading used for training Artificial Neural Network model.

Case no.	Location of lateral spreading	Earthquake event	Residual shear strength ratio	SPT blow count	Fines content (%)	Median residual shear strength ratio	Equivalent clean sand blow count	Reference
1	Heber road	1979 Imperial Valley	0.03–0.12	1.0	20	0.075	2.7	Davis et al. [22]; Castro [23]; Youd and Bennett [24]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
2	Wildlife site	1987 Superstition Hills	0.06–0.10	10.3	30	0.08	12.7	Holzer et al. [25]; Boulanger et al. [26]; Idriss and Boulanger [27]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
3	Moss Landing, MBARI Bldg. 4, Sandholdt rd. (SI-2)	1989 Loma Prieta	0.14–0.19	10.0	5	0.17	10.5	Boulanger et al. [28]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
4	Moss Landing, MBARI Bldg. 4, Sandholdt rd. (SI-5)		0.11–0.19	15	<5	0.15	15.0	Boulanger et al. [28]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
5	Moss Landing, MLML Bldg., westward spread		0.06–0.14	14.6	4	0.1	15.0	Mejia [29]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
6	Marina District		0.06–0.08	10.5	14–41	0.07	12.7	Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
7	Miller Farm		0.05–0.16	11.5	5–38	0.11	13.3	Holzer et al. [30]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
8	Treasure Island, Perimeter (T1N3)		0.07–0.22	10.0	10	0.15	11.0	Power et al. [31]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
9	Magsaysay Bridge E. Bank, u/s (DD)	1990 Luzon, Philippines	0.02–0.06	6	15–20	0.04	7.5	Ishihara et al. [32]; Özener [19]
10	Magsaysay Bridge E. Bank, u/s (EE)		0.03–0.09	9	15–20	0.06	9.5	Ishihara et al. [32]; Özener [19]
11	Hotel Sapanca	1999 Kocaeli, Turkey	0.05–0.11	13.4	6.2	0.08	7.0	Cetin et al. [33]; Özener [19]
12	Police station		0.07–0.10	5	24.55	0.09	7.0	Cetin et al. [33]; Özener [19]
13	Soccer field		0.05–0.10	7	34	0.08	9.7	Cetin et al. [33]; Özener [19]
14	Yalova Harbor		0.14–0.20	14.53	20.8	0.17	16.3	Cetin et al. [33]; Özener [19]
15	Wufeng site C (A-A′)	1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan	0.05–0.12	3.5	25.5	0.09	6.5	Chu et al. [34]; Özener[19]
16	Wufeng site C (B-B′)		0.10–0.23	3.5	22	0.17	5.3	Chu et al. [34]; Özener [19]
17	Wufeng site B		0.05–0.11	10	22	0.08	11.8	Chu et al. [34]; Özener [19]
18	Nantou Site N		0.16–0.23	9	16.45	0.20	10.4	Chu et al. [34]; Özener [19]
19	Norswig drive	2003 San Simeon	0.16–0.11	7.2	5	0.14	7.7	Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
20	Juanita Avenue		0.03–0.10	9.2	5	0.07	9.7	Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
21	Snow River Bridge	1964 Alaska	0.02	5–10	10–30	0.02	9.2	Özener [19]
22	Juvenile Hall	1971 San Fernando	0.02–0.08	6.9	35	0.05	9.7	Bennett [35]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
23	Whiskey Sprins Fan	1983 Borah Peak	0.05–0.12	13.0	22	0.08	14.8	Andrus and Youd [36]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Ozener [19]
24	Landing Road Bridge	1987 Edgecumbe, New Zealand	0.01–0.1	5–10	8–18	0.06	8.7	Olson and Johnson [2]; Ozener [19]
25	James Street Loop		0.01–0.09	4.8–9.2	10	0.05	9.5	Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
26	Whakatane Pony Club		0.02–0.07	3–12	15–18	0.05	8.9	Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
27	Nalband Railway Station	1988 Armenia	0.08–0.10	3.6–23	25	0.05	15.3	Yegian [37]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
28	Farris Farm	1989 Loma Prieta	0.04–0.13	9–24	5–38	0.09	18.3	Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
29	Leonardini Farm		0.02–0.11	10.0	10%	0.07	11.0	Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
30	Sea Mist Farm		0.03–0.08	7–11	16–29	0.06	10.8	Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
31	Moss Landing, MLML Bldg., eastward spread		0.07–0.12	14.6	4	0.09	15.0	Mejia [29]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
32	Rudbaneh Town Canal	1990 Manjil, Iran	0.05–0.19	8.63	4.6	0.12	9.1	Ishihara et al. [38]; Yegian et al. [39]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
33	Magsaysay Bridge E. Bank, u/s (AA)	1990 Luzon, Philippines	0.02–0.08	2–9	20–30	0.05	7.5	Ishihara et al. [40]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
34	Nable Street West (B-B)		0.03–0.09	4.2–10	17.5–27.5	0.06	8.9	Ishihara et al. [40]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
35	Nable Street West (C-C)		0.02–0.07	4–8.5	10–20	0.05	7.6	Ishihara et al. [40]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
36	Pogo Chico W. Bank		0.03–0.10	6–11	11.3–20	0.07	9.9	Ishihara et al. [40]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Özener [19]
37	Balboa Blvd.	1994 Northridge	0.11–0.19	17.0	52	0.15	21.0	Holzer et al. [41]
38	Wynne Avenue		0.09–0.20	11.6	33	0.15	14.2	Holzer et al. [41]; Olson and Johnson [2]; Idriss and Boulanger [27]; Özener [19]
39	Potrero Canyon		0.09–0.21	5–17	39–75	0.15	15.28	Lumbantoruan [42]; Özener [19]
40	Seymen Tea Garden	1999 Kocaeli, Turkey	0.04–0.08	6–12	20–40	0.06	11.4	Lumbantoruan [42]; Özener [19]
41	Esme Nose		0.06–0.11	5–13	10–30	0.09	10.33	Lumbantoruan [42]; Özener [19]
42	Wufeng site C1	1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan	0.10–0.18	11–18	22	0.14	16.3	Olson and Johnson [2]; Chu et al. [34]; Özener [19]
43	Wufeng site M		0.07–0.15	11.5	12	0.11	12.6	Olson and Johnson [2]; Chu et al. [34]; Özener [19]