Discrete Element Analysis of the Load Transfer Mechanism of Geogrid-Ballast Interface under Pull-Out Load

<div>Normal contact force chain distribution for BG1 and TG1 under 20 kPa normal stress. (a) Pull-out displacement=0. (b) Pull-out displacement=0. (c) Pull-out displacement=36 mm. (d) Pull-out displacement=36 mm.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 8

Figure 8: Discrete Element Analysis of the Load Transfer Mechanism of Geogrid-Ballast Interface under Pull-Out Load 