Discrete Element Analysis of the Load Transfer Mechanism of Geogrid-Ballast Interface under Pull-Out Load

Figure 9

Polar plots and FSA of projection of normal contact force on y-o-z plane in four statistical zones of BG1 (normal stress = 20 kPa; pull-out displacement = 36 mm): (a) statistical zone 1; (b) statistical zone 2; (c) statistical zone 3; (d) statistical zone 4.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)