Numerical and Experimental Study on Soil Plug Resistance of Open-Ended Pipe Pile with a Restriction Plate

<div>Particle contact force transmission inside soil plugs with different types of restriction plates (<i>D</i> = 10 cm and <i>L</i>/<i>D</i> = 4.0).</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 13

Figure 13: Numerical and Experimental Study on Soil Plug Resistance of Open-Ended Pipe Pile with a Restriction Plate 