Simplified-Boost Reinforced Model-Based Complex Wind Signal Forecasting

Table 6

Multistep forecasting performance of dataset D.

Dataset D	RMSE (m/s)			MAE (m/s)			MAPE (%)
Model	1 step	3 steps	5 steps	1 step	3 steps	5 steps	1 step	3 steps	5 steps
DT	0.490	0.607	0.689	0.375	0.457	0.534	5.940	7.188	8.361
RF	0.468	0.661	0.766	0.350	0.466	0.569	5.511	7.306	8.911
BPNN	0.431	0.572	0.690	0.341	0.436	0.525	5.525	6.873	8.214
RNN	0.596	0.738	0.693	0.422	0.504	0.507	6.399	7.689	7.838
GRU	0.657	0.803	0.909	0.469	0.599	0.647	7.280	9.472	10.265
LSTM	0.554	0.938	0.876	0.383	0.667	0.670	5.964	10.608	10.604
Proposed	0.416	0.477	0.504	0.325	0.381	0.411	5.145	6.218	6.587
Dataset D	SMAPE (%)			R			MASE
Model	1 step	3 steps	5 steps	1 step	3 steps	5 steps	1 step	3 steps	5 steps
DT	5.913	7.223	8.413	0.836	0.718	0.615	1.247	0.996	1.025
RF	5.499	7.283	8.906	0.845	0.680	0.547	1.172	1.023	1.047
BPNN	5.421	6.902	8.286	0.877	0.752	0.620	1.193	0.984	0.994
RNN	6.666	7.953	7.992	0.764	0.603	0.620	1.419	1.099	0.970
GRU	7.310	9.269	10.173	0.725	0.607	0.372	1.543	1.311	1.242
LSTM	6.062	10.302	10.515	0.800	0.482	0.479	1.314	1.408	1.181
Proposed	5.142	6.074	6.531	0.878	0.854	0.815	1.103	0.789	0.757