Structural Analysis of Backfill Highway Subgrade on the Lower Bearing Capacity Foundation Using the Finite Element Method

Table 1

Material properties.

Materials	Density, ρ (kg/m^3)	Cohesion, c (kPa)	Internal friction angle, φ (°)	Elastic modulus, E (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio, μ
Pavement materials	2100	—	—	1200	0.35
Backfill soil	1800	15, 20, and 25	25 and 30	40, 60, 80, and 100	0.35
Silty clay	1750	14	22	45	0.4
Mud clay	1700	12	20	40	0.45