The Deformation Analysis of a Deep Frame Top-Down Excavation in Downtown Shanghai Based on the 3D FEM

Table 4

Parameters for the hardening soil model.

Layer	(kPa)	(°)	(°)	(MPa)	(MPa)	(MPa)	M
II	7	30.2	0	4.86	7.29	29.16	0.8	0.2	0.47	0.9
III	2	32.7	0	3.41	5.115	20.46	0.85	0.2	0.48	0.6
IV	7	27.6	0	2.13	3.195	12.78	0.85	0.2	0.57	0.6
V	12	29.5	0	4.25	6.375	25.5	0.8	0.2	0.47	0.9
VI	30	29.0	0	7.31	10.965	43.86	0.8	0.2	0.46	0.9
VII	4	33	3	15.05	22.575	90.3	0.5	0.2	0.35	0.9