Shaking Table Test on the Seismic Response of Buried Oil and Gas Pipelines under the Bidirectional Nonuniform Seismic Excitation

Figure 15

Axial displacement curves of soil at different heights under uniform/nonuniform excitation. (a) Uniform E wave. (b) Uniform W wave. (c) Uniform R wave. (d) Nonuniform E wave. (e) Nonuniform W wave. (f) Nonuniform R wave.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)