A Study on the Flexural Behaviour of Geopolymer Lightweight Eco-Friendly Concrete Using Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate

Table 1

Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the materials used.

Chemical composition of the GGBFS from the XPS study
CaO	SiO2	Al2O3	MgO	Na2O	SO3	P2O5	K2O	TiO2	MnO	Fe2O3	SrO	Cl	LOI
45.83	32.52	13.7	3.27	0.25	1.8	0.04	0.48	0.73	0.35	0.76	0.08	0.02	0.60
Mechanical properties of materials used
Properties		GGBS			M-sand		CS			CSA
Bulk density-compacted (kg/m^3)		—			1520		650			1670
Bulk density-loose (kg/m^3)		—			1500		550			1490
Maximum size		12.3 μm			4.75 mm		12.5 mm			12.5 mm
Specific gravity		2.65			2.60		1.15			2.82
Fineness modulus		—			2.70		6.11			6.93
Specific surface area (cm^2/g)		4290			—		—			—
Water adsorption (%)		—			2.25		22.00			0.50
Shell thickness (mm)		—			—		8–10			—
Aggregate impact value (AIV) (%)		—			—		8.15			6.23