Distribution Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Surface Crack Induced by Extrathick Near Horizontal Seam Mining: An Example from the Datong Coal Field, China

<div>Morphology of surface cracks in loess-covered area. (a) Surface cracks near the boundary of goaf (main crack). (b) Crack right above the middle of goaf. (c) Crack near the surface movement basin margin.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 4: Distribution Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Surface Crack Induced by Extrathick Near Horizontal Seam Mining: An Example from the Datong Coal Field, China 

Figure 4 | Distribution Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Surface Crack Induced by Extrathick Near Horizontal Seam Mining: An Example from the Datong Coal Field, China 