Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Shallow Expansive Soil due to Freeze-Thaw Effect with Water Supplement

Table 3

Freezing temperature gradients and corresponding temperature combinations.

Scheme no.	The heat exchanger temperature (°C)		Temperature gradient (°C·cm^−1)
	Top	Bottom
F1	−5	1	0.17
F2	−10	1	0.31
F3	−15	1	0.44