Optimization of Construction Parameters and Deformation Characteristics of Large-Section Loess Tunnel: A Case Study from Xi’an Metro

<div>Horizontal deformation and convergence characteristics. (a) Time-history curve of horizontal deformation. (b) Time-history curve of deformation rate of horizontal convergent.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 19

Figure 19: Optimization of Construction Parameters and Deformation Characteristics of Large-Section Loess Tunnel: A Case Study from Xi’an Metro 