Optimization of Construction Parameters and Deformation Characteristics of Large-Section Loess Tunnel: A Case Study from Xi’an Metro

Figure 8

Horizontal deformation and convergence characteristics of the CK9 + 462 section. (a) Vault settlement curve of cavern ①. (b) Horizontal convergence curve of cavern ①. (c) Horizontal convergence curve of cavern ③.

(a)

(b)

(c)