Investigation of the Effect of Crumb Rubber Powder and Warm Additives on Moisture Resistance of SMA Mixtures

Table 2

The characteristics of base bitumen.

Characteristics	Standard	Base bitumen
Density in 25°C	ASTM: D70	1.03
Los on heating (%)	ASTM: D1754	0.75
Ductility (cm)	ASTM: D113	102
Flash and fire point (°C)	ASTM: D92	305
Solubility (%)	ASTM: D2042	99.5
Softening point (°C)	ASTM: D36	54
Degree of penetration (0.1 mm)	ASTM: D5	64