Effects of Biostabilization on Engineering Properties of Geomaterials

<div>The results of unconfined compression tests for silica sand (a), SP-SM soil (b), and SM soil (c) after single-round of culturing <svg height="11.5564pt" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 17.4284 11.5564" width="17.4284pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)"><path d="M597 536C514 627 443 676 315 676S72 616 72 475C72 255 443 260 443 129C443 65 375 30 319 30C204 30 143 77 70 158L35 130C115 36 196 -14 323 -14C443 -14 591 45 591 186C591 411 213 394 213 548C213 599 275 632 319 632C433 632 498 583 567 501L597 536ZM464 63C481 84 487 112 487 139C487 304 116 279 116 487C116 536 144 587 188 610L189 608C177 585 169 561 169 534C169 360 547 365 547 186C547 131 513 87 466 62L464 63Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.766,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg> and double-round of culturing <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 18.5506 11.5564" width="18.5506pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)"><path d="M70 662V0H348C544 0 677 137 677 332C677 532 547 662 348 662H70ZM553 541C610 488 633 419 633 342C633 278 609 166 553 126V541ZM509 99C475 62 389 44 342 44H236V618H343C393 618 466 598 509 571V99ZM192 44H114V618H192V44Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.884,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg>.</span> Red diamonds mark the measured <svg height="9.4347pt" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.14359 11.1372 9.4347" width="11.1372pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M548 455L523 469C505 448 490 439 461 439C416 439 374 447 316 447C144 447 23 310 23 161C23 47 89 -12 179 -12C312 -12 429 106 429 244C429 303 419 344 368 386L371 388C404 383 440 378 474 378C507 378 530 411 548 455ZM350 274C350 191 308 25 198 25C144 25 108 75 108 157C108 264 170 395 276 395C296 395 320 384 333 360C347 334 350 316 350 274Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.76,3.132)"><path d="M387 400C387 425 348 451 303 451C247 451 176 414 132 376C69 322 24 228 24 148C24 43 74 -12 147 -12C211 -12 301 33 363 103L346 128C319 99 249 51 193 51C148 51 112 84 112 165C112 230 130 287 154 330C170 359 199 400 243 400C277 400 304 383 326 354C333 345 343 343 354 348C378 360 387 382 387 400Z"></path></g></svg> results. Because the unconfined compressive strength <svg height="12.5794pt" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 20.167 12.5794" width="20.167pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)"><path d="M548 455L523 469C505 448 490 439 461 439C416 439 374 447 316 447C144 447 23 310 23 161C23 47 89 -12 179 -12C312 -12 429 106 429 244C429 303 419 344 368 386L371 388C404 383 440 378 474 378C507 378 530 411 548 455ZM350 274C350 191 308 25 198 25C144 25 108 75 108 157C108 264 170 395 276 395C296 395 320 384 333 360C347 334 350 316 350 274Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.258,3.132)"><path d="M387 400C387 425 348 451 303 451C247 451 176 414 132 376C69 322 24 228 24 148C24 43 74 -12 147 -12C211 -12 301 33 363 103L346 128C319 99 249 51 193 51C148 51 112 84 112 165C112 230 130 287 154 330C170 359 199 400 243 400C277 400 304 383 326 354C333 345 343 343 354 348C378 360 387 382 387 400Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.51,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg> is drawn in log-scale, zero values (negligible unconfined compression) are placed at the level of horizontal axis.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 2

Figure 2: Effects of Biostabilization on Engineering Properties of Geomaterials 