Research Article
An Investigation of Effects and Safety of Pipelines due to Twin Tunneling
Table 2
Summary of soil parameters.
| | Soil parameter | Loose sand | Medium-density sand | Dense sand |
| | Friction angle, φ (°) | 30.0 | 35.0 | 40 | | Bulk unit weight, γ (kN/m3) | 16.0 | 17.5 | 19.0 |
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