Experimental Study on the Influence of Freezing Pressure on the Uniaxial Mechanical Properties of Ice

Table 1

Experimental conditions and results.

Group	Strain rate (s^−1)	Freezing pressure (MPa)	Peak stress (MPa)	Failure strain	Residual stress (MPa)	Failure types
R1-0.5-1	5 × 10^−5	0.5	14.90	0.48	5.63	Ductile
R1-0.5-2		0.5	13.85	0.43	6.13	Brittle
R1-10-1		10	19.00	0.33	8.48	Brittle
R1-10-2		10	18.12	0.36	7.83	Brittle
R1-20-1		20	18.10	0.39	7.52	Brittle
R1-20-2		20	16.54	0.40	7.59	Brittle
R1-30-1		30	19.55	0.41	9.65	Brittle
R1-30-2		30	20.33	0.40	10.07	Brittle
R2-0.5-1	1.5 × 10^−5	0.5	13.50	0.48	5.33	Ductile
R2-0.5-2		0.5	11.92	0.46	5.16	Ductile
R2-10-1		10	16.00	0.40	5.54	Ductile
R2-10-2		10	14.55	0.38	5.23	Ductile
R2-20-1		20	14.14	0.42	5.17	Ductile
R2-20-2		20	12.39	0.37	5.62	Ductile
R2-30-1		30	17.21	0.45	5.51	Ductile
R2-30-2		30	16.10	0.43	5.80	Ductile
R3-0.5-1	5 × 10^−6	0.5	9.14	0.43	4.22	Ductile
R3-0.5-2		0.5	10.17	0.48	4.25	Ductile
R3-10-1		10	12.73	0.40	4.14	Ductile
R3-10-2		10	11.58	0.40	4.31	Ductile
R3-20-1		20	10.55	0.41	4.88	Ductile
R3-20-2		20	11.57	0.43	4.66	Ductile
R3-30-1		30	14.03	0.45	4.88	Ductile
R3-30-2		30	13.02	0.43	4.84	Ductile
R4-0.5-1	1.5 × 10^−6	0.5	6.35	0.53	2.99	Ductile
R4-0.5-2		0.5	7.33	0.51	3.04	Ductile
R4-10-1		10	9.79	0.40	3.15	Ductile
R4-10-2		10	8.65	0.37	3.43	Ductile
R4-20-1		20	8.02	0.42	3.57	Ductile
R4-20-2		20	7.04	0.36	3.78	Ductile
R4-30-1		30	10.62	0.45	3.43	Ductile
R4-30-2		30	9.92	0.42	3.42	Ductile