Adopting Building Information Modeling (BIM) for the Development of Smart Buildings: A Review of Enabling Applications and Challenges

Table 2

BIM-supported analysis and simulation functions of smart buildings.

Analyze/simulate functions	Project phases	Study description	Outcomes	Key technologies	References
Daylighting simulation	Planning and design	This paper presents a methodology for automated product model decomposition and recomposition for climate-based daylighting simulation using Radiance	Methodology for the automated product model	Revit, ThermalSim AMS	[54]
Safety analysis	Planning and design	The study performs static and dynamic security analysis with the aid of BIM	Application of graphing	Revit, Rooms, Rock, Explosive	[55]
Earned value management	Construction	This paper presents the use of BIM in the cost and time management of infrastructure bridges	BIM-based cost estimation application	MS Excel, Tekla Structures	[56]
Cost/schedule estimation	Construction	The research builds a system of a 3D intelligent model to predict highway construction cost and duration.	Model for construction planning/Simulation	Revit, AutoCAD Civil 3D, Trimble SketchUp	[57]
Safety clash detection	Construction	This paper identifies safety incompatibilities among fundamental attributes using data mining	Conceptual framework and processing system	Graph mining, hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC)	[58]
Energy performance simulation	Operation and maintenance	This paper provides a virtual retrofit model for aging commercial buildings in a smart grid environment	The framework of the Virtual Retrofit Model (VRM)	Revit, 3D point clouds, Cyclone, AutoCAD, sensors, Google Map^™	[43]
User daily activity simulation	Operation and maintenance	This paper does a prototyping experiment with three typical domestic tasks and several real-time interactions	Smart design system	Virtual reality (VR), CAD	[59]
Indoor environmental quality analysis	Operation and maintenance	This work explores the application of a real-time monitoring system	Design a user-oriented environmental control model	Rhino/Grasshopper, Matlab	[60]
Fire evacuation simulation	Operation and maintenance	The study uses BIM to construct a BIM-based intelligent fire prevention and disaster relief system.	Design and implementation of proposed BIM-based fire integrated system	Bluetooth, Revit	[50]