Adopting Building Information Modeling (BIM) for the Development of Smart Buildings: A Review of Enabling Applications and Challenges

Table 5

Interaction of BIM attributes (X), project phases (Y), and smart attributes (Z).

Applications	X: BIM attributes	Description of X	Y: project phases	Z: smart attributes	Description of Z	Corresponding section	Ref.
Automatic evaluation of machine capability	X1: integration with other systems	Integrated BIM and manufacturing systems	Y2: construction phase based on BIM	Z2: increasing economic benefits	Increase the productivity, quality, and deliverability of the products	3.1.1	[44]
Operational efficiency improvement	X2: convenience of information sharing and exchange	Access, manage, and utilize airport life cycle data on the BIM platform	Y3: operation and refurbishment phase based on BIM	Z2: increasing economic benefits	Achieve digital management	3.2.3	[47]
Fire prevention	X3: visualization of whole process and results	Visualize the fire situation	Y3: operation and refurbishment phase based on BIM	Z3: improving the life quality of users	Strengthen fire rescue and users’ safety	3.1.3; 3.3.3	[50]
Protecting the safety of constructors	X2: convenience of information sharing and exchange	The latest sensor data stored in Revit	Y2: construction phase based on BIM	Z4: combining with other technologies	Combine BIM and wireless sensor network (WSN) /IoT	3.1.3; 3.3.4	[51, 73]
Equipment scheduling	X3: visualization of whole process and results	Visual construction site	Y2: construction phase based on BIM	Z4: combining with other technologies	Integrate RFID data collection into the BIM system	3.2.2; 3.3.4	[52, 99]
Safety analysis	X4: analysis and simulation of building functions	Static and dynamic security analysis	Y1: planning and design phase based on BIM	Z3: improving the life quality of users	Improve building safety	3.1.4; 3.2.1; 3.3.3	[55, 58, 70]
Cost estimation	X4: analysis and simulation of building functions	Estimate the cost	Y2: construction phase based on BIM	Z2: increasing economic benefits	Cost management	3.1.4; 3.2.2; 3.3.2	[56, 57, 72]
Schedule estimation	X4: analysis and simulation of building functions	Estimate the construction duration	Y2: construction phase based on BIM	Z2: increasing economic benefits	Schedule management	3.1.4; 3.2.2; 3.3.2; 3.3.4	[56, 57, 74]
Energy performance simulation	X4: analysis and simulation of building functions	Simulation energy performance data	Y3: operation and refurbishment phase based on BIM	Z1: reducing energy consumption	Promote building energy-specific monitoring and management capabilities	3.1.4; 3.3.1	[43, 54, 86]
Indoor equipment control	X4: analysis and simulation of building functions	Simulate the daily activities of users	Y3: operation and refurbishment phase based on BIM	Z3: improving the life quality of users	Help end-users to experience their daily activity in a virtual environment	3.1.4; 3.3.3	[59, 80]
Indoor environmental quality analysis	X4: analysis and simulation of building functions	Energy real-time analysis	Y3: operation and refurbishment phase based on BIM	Z3: improving the life quality of users	Provide users with the best indoor environmental quality (IEQ)	3.1.4; 3.3.3	[60, 95]
Recovery and utilization of components	X2: convenience of information sharing and exchange	Track and locate all the elements that make up the actual building	Y1: planning and design phase based on BIM	Z4: combining with other technologies	Combine BIM and RFID	3.2.1; 3.3.4	[71]
Quality assessment	X2: convenience of information sharing and exchange	Store and recall information about a facility	Y2: construction phase based on BIM	Z4: combining with other technologies	Combine BIM and 3D laser scanning technology	3.2.2; 3.3.4	[76]
Environmental performance assessment	X2: convenience of information sharing and exchange	Create BIM models and calculate relevant data	Y1: planning and design phase based on BIM	Z1: reducing energy consumption	Assess environmental performance of the building	3.3.1	[90, 91]