Study on the Generalized Displacement Boundary and Its Analytical Prediction for Ground Movements Induced by Shield Tunneling

Figure 10

Comparison of analytical surface settlements and field observation. (a) Case 1: Thunder Bay Tunnel. (b) Case 3: Barcelona Tunnel. (c) Case 18: Frankfurt Subway. (d) Case 19: Line 1 of Tianjing Metro.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)